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Basis
- A basis is a subspace
- When the constraints run out
- Where the guarantee is exactly zero
- Which shapes are worth protecting
- What the ellipse spends its assignments on
- A box with a count
Pace
- A block size that changes
- A schedule that reads the mean
- Two degrees of freedom, one total
- What a schedule actually buys
- How much of the forbidden spread a rule may read
- A rule that sets its own κ
Taper
- A block weighted inside itself
- A taper and a critical value
- A block at every starting row
- A length chosen for the interval
- A share read off the sample
- A sequence that knows it was centred
Charged
- A break that was looked for
- A second break on a flat profile
- Choosing whether to break
- What a search costs in parameters
- The break a shared scale hid
Twice
- A charge that depends on the rule
- The charge that is not a sum
- Two searches, one sample
- A break that is there
- A set calibrated at the estimate
Compound
- A copula that halves a marginal
- A symmetry that was not enough
- The zero that survives both
- Two failures that cancel
- A median with ties
- The zero that needed two
Product
- A count that has to be estimated
- A dictionary that is a product
- What a reference distribution costs to sample
- Where the enumeration stops
- A basis drawn rather than chosen
- A floor for the draw
Banded
- A covariance with no parameter in it
- Errors generated from a fitted model
- The triangle that was not the multiplier's
- The window that has to be chosen, and the term that was dropped
- A covariance repaired
Continuous
- A covariate with no levels
- Balancing more than one number
- The rule that reads the number
- What the balanced trial is worth
- A number read with error
- A second reading or a second covariate
Proxy
- A criterion is a prediction of the hold-out
- How long a block a multiplier shares
- Two defects and one resampling
- Where the two searches cross
- A penalty that counts independent rows
- A charge the sample can afford
Splits
- A cut is not a polynomial, and it does not have to be
- The arcsine that closes it, and the error that was overstated
- The zero that survives a cut
- A rate needs a rate beside it
- A companion cut into many
- A companion with two coordinates
- Weights from an approximate law
Reach
- A defect that is about size
- A test rather than a survey
- The diagnostic at two hundred
- The statistic that changes sign
- A unit that has not moved
Together
- A dependence fitted with the line
- A window for every candidate
- Iterating is not maximising
- The fit that takes the memory out
- A fixed point with no likelihood under it
General
- A dependence with a shape
- The order the tail is drawn at
- The window a whitening wants
- Where the generality runs out
- The residue was the weights
Optimality
- A design is a number
- Four letters and two camps
- The design that has to be integers
- The theorem that says when to stop
- How many places a design goes
- Augmenting a design that has already run
- The criterion with no derivative
- A certificate for the worst direction
Dict
- A dictionary that is neither
- The set a dictionary leaves
- The walk that cannot cross
- What the extra function buys
- Two functions a covariate
Ranking
- A distribution drawn from the null
- Eight forecasters and one benchmark
- The models that were never in the running
- What the other forecast adds
- The threshold the recentring reads
- A threshold against its sample
Family
- A family before a fit
- Nothing in the fit picks the width
- The plug-in and the maximum
- What fitting them together buys
- An interval that knows the band was maximised
Curve
- A lag the sample has less of
- A line that beats two curves
- The width a band is measured in
- What a better charge buys
- A charge that reads the draw
- What the correction assumes
- The surface under every law
Readout
- A length for each instrument
- The instrument and the reading
- The reversal that was the instrument's
- What the interval covers
- A shrink towards the answer
Lists
- A list is not a rule
- The comparison that was not made
- The volume a whitening moves
- Two values the criterion cannot tell apart
- A quarrel's cost is its width
Stronger
- A margin that turns over
- An answer that changes
- Where the skew puts a threshold
- The other dial
- The zero that was a crossing
- A cut on each side
Blocked
- A model and a count
- A quantity that loses to a heuristic
- Counting it exactly does not help
- What the rule blocks
- A set of pairs, not a vector
- How far, not whether
Search
- A null with a model in it
- A table of nested models
- The weight that is a vector
- When every null is true
- One test for eight nulls
Effective
- A penalty is a trace
- One number for a table of candidates
- The repair that was exact and made it worse
- The residuals are not the errors
- What a multiplier cannot keep
Fullbayes
- A prior on the spread
- The interval that integrates
- What the plug-in forgets
- When the spread estimates to zero
- A control borrowed from the last trial
- A history that agrees with itself
- A history that has been moving
- A history that stepped
Aimed
- A probe chosen from the design
- The part the rule already took
- What a chosen probe finds
- How far to project
- A ceiling that is one unit
After
- A probe nobody chose
- Before the trial and after
- Half a reference distribution
- The statistic the p-value is about
- After the mirror is gone
Blocks
- A proposal that moves more than two units
- A ratio that changes between blocks
- Stationary is not convergent
- The bias that lands in the slope
- Where the gain is, and where the decision is
Apiece
- A rate times a size
- How often it matters
- The quarrel that changes the winner
- What a longer sample settles
- The table decides when the sample settles it
Apart
- A search that is already the other
- Three quarters of the way to one search
- Two searches that share nothing
- The overlap at the critical value
- The power a calibration buys
Skew
- A split survives what a mean does not
- A zero that rests on a symmetry
- Balancing a skewed covariate
- The cut that is not a quantile
- A share at a hundred units
- The covariate on its ranks
Separate
- A split that depends on the order
- Two effects in one number
- What a zero is made of
- The split at the critical value
- A tail the law gives the pair
Turnover
- A table and a list
- The eighth that was not a constant
- Two factors pointing opposite ways
- A step that is not a ratio
- The same dial under a second law
Shape
- A threshold in the tail
- Balanced on the wrong function
- The analysis and the shape
- Three functions of one number
- How many functions a trial can hold
- The list it was chosen on
Contrast
- A width promised for a difference
- The degrees of freedom in the sums
- What a two-arm rule may not pool
- Which weights are the inverse variances
- The sums made independent
- The sums under a moving level
Dimension
- A width that moves and an error that does not
- The charge nobody derived
- What a window leaves free
- The charge at four times the sample
- A cap that decides nothing
Stop
- A width the trial has to stop for
- Stopping on the arms
- The trials that stopped early
- A width rule on skewed outcomes
- A weighting that does not read its own spreads
Copula
- A zero that is arithmetic
- The symmetry the marginals could not show
- Which tail the cut sits in
- A cut walked into the tail
- A leak read off a two-by-two table
Joint
- A zero that was an assumption
- Draws that repeat each other
- The fourth moment that was missing
- Walking the admissible set
- The share a sample removes
Allocation
- Allocating on a guess
- Not half and half
- One control, many arms
- The cost of a unit
- The arm whose variance is its answer
- Two contrasts, one split
- A contrast chosen after the data
Guarantee
- An efficiency that is a ratio
- Protecting one parameter over a range
- Stopping when it is precise enough
- The interval after a stop it chose
- The fifth a third stage never reaches
- A floor that reads the first stage
Student
- An interval that carries its scale
- The ordering reverses again
- What studentising costs
- The count or the length
- The interval with no resampling in it
Feasible
- An ordering that depends on the rule
- The length nobody has
- What choosing the length costs
- A length read off the whole sequence
- A ranking that belongs to the interval
Multiarm
- Balancing towards unequal targets
- Guessing one arm in three
- The analysis after three arms
- Three arms and three scores
- A guesser who sees the totals
- The guesser who learns
Covadapt
- Balancing what is known in advance
- The analysis has to know the rule
- The reference the covariates supply
- The rule that can be guessed
- The interval the test inverts to
- An effect that is not one number
Crossing
- Bias is not the whole of it
- Measuring a variance rather than a quantile
- The error no window repairs
- The gap a sample shows
- A model against a window
Corner
- Blinded, and still exact
- The condition that cannot be dropped
- Weights that need only a ratio
- A ratio that changes with the period
- A stopping rule that reads the periods
Multilevel
- Borrowing towards a line
- Pooling a proportion
- The slope that borrows
- Two levels at once
- Two groupings that cross
- A level with two units
- What a two-unit study should report
- A prior on the spread between two sites
Adaptive
- Choosing n after looking
- Dropping the losers
- Randomising towards the winner
- The estimate after the choice
- Shrinking the arm that was chosen
- A prior that lets one arm stand out
- A second stage sized by the first
- Patients spent before the choice
Forecast
- Choosing the order
- The interval after the choice
- The interval that forgets it estimated
- What the model says next
- Shocks that are not normal
- A tail sixty residuals have barely seen
Evaluation
- Correcting the persistence
- The repair that moves the wrong number
- When one model contains the other
- Which forecast is better
- Correcting the forecast instead
- What the interval is short by
- The correction that leaves the region
- An interval built from simulated futures
Systems
- Counting what is still wandering
- Three series and a count
- Which series does the moving
- Which series goes on the left
- Which mistake about the rank costs
- A space is not a relation
- The rank is a decision
- A restriction the data can check
Hierarchical
- Eight groups, one population
- The prior the data estimates
- The weight that decides
- When borrowing goes wrong
- The fewest groups that can borrow
- Where the borrowing goes
- One population, or two
- The shape the estimates keep
Regression
- Four datasets, one summary
- R² is not a measure of fit
- Twenty residual plots
- Two points that hide each other
- The line that one point drew
- A robust loss and a far x
- The start an efficient robust line inherits
- The other half a trimmed fit rejected
Design
- How many subjects
- One factor at a time
- Randomisation is not balance
- The variance removed before the data
- The word a fraction costs
- The design that refuses the corners
- The run that did not happen
- A run lost for a reason
Intervals
- More data is not monotonically better
- The shortest interval is the one that misses
- The correction for not knowing the spread
- Twenty intervals and one expected miss
- What the 95% refers to
- Where the bootstrap lies
- An interval that covers and says nothing
- A count that bets against its interval
Paradox
- Regression to the mean
- Simpson's reversal is a region, not a table
- What a positive test is worth
- Two analyses of one baseline
- The measurement that got them enrolled
- A lead that a heavy tail keeps
- The slope of a density nobody can see
- A correction built on a retest
Select
- Residuals that keep their own variance
- The corner the test is calibrated at
- The displacement is a parameter count
- When the benchmark is a candidate
- The displacement on a heavy tail
- An excess and its window
Sequential
- Spending the error rate
- When the looking happens
- The effect a stopped trial reports
- The outcomes a trial could have stopped with
- A boundary for giving up
- A look the trend asked for
- A look added by a rule
- The variance that contains the effect
Bayes
- The base rate was always Bayes
- What a credible interval covers
- What a prior is worth
- Where the two schools agree
- The shortest interval, and the one that does not move
- When the prior is confident and wrong
- An interval for something else
- A prior wrong about its own spread
Timeseries
- The check before the standard error
- The observations that repeat each other
- Two walks and a finding
- What differencing costs
- The repair that keeps the question
- How slow a return a sample can see
- The cliff that is a slope
- The interval the joint fit reports
Cointegration
- The cost of differencing a pair
- The model that corrects its error
- The regression that is not spurious
- The test with no table
- A relation supplied in advance
- A slow return across many pairs
- A shock every pair shares
- A factor estimated from the panel
Survival
- The data that stops early
- The curve that survives censoring
- The interval at the end of the curve
- A dropout the data cannot see
- One minus Kaplan–Meier is not a risk
- The hazard ratio the follow-up chose
- A horizon chosen after looking
- One test for a curve that might cross
Robust
- The design for the worst case
- The design that stops guessing
- What a design chosen from the data costs
- Where the minimum is attained
- A bootstrap that repeats the design
Surface
- The design that cannot see a curve
- The optimum is a ratio, and its interval is sometimes the whole line
- Three levels, and the ring where the design says the same thing
- Walking up the gradient
- The sign the curvature has
- When the best setting is outside the region
- The run that confirms it
- The height at the chosen setting
Criteria
- The design that hedges
- The design that needs the answer
- The family behind the letters
- The two terms anybody wanted
- A subset the model cannot use
- A design chosen for a test
Exact
- The experiments that could have happened
- The plus one and the round number
- The test that needs the rule
- What the exactness buys
- The null the exactness is for
- A statistic that is exact twice
- The repair, with a covariate in it
- The covariate chosen afterwards
Blind
- The guess with two numbers in it
- The rule that cannot see the mean
- The worst case in two directions
- What the blindfold costs
- A variance that follows the response
Multiplicity
- The price of control
- Two different promises
- What the correction corrects
- False discoveries that arrive together
- Estimating how many nulls are true
- An order that spends the error rate
- Intervals for the findings
- An interval that knows its finding was found
Method
- The seed is part of the figure
- Two routes to every number
- The same draws for both methods
- A simulation that stops when it looks settled
- A coverage table with its own error
- The draws aimed at the tail
- The check worth more than the check
- A proposal fitted to its own draws
Normal
- The shape, and where its mass is
- The tail converges last
- What normal actually looks like
- A ratio whose interval has to be the whole line
- Sums of almost anything
- Where the derivative is zero
- A flat point with more than one direction
- Testing for a flat point first
Testing
- The winner's curse
- Twenty analyses of nothing
- What a p-value does not say
- The p-value a replication gets
- A p-value that is not flat is not a p-value
- Two ways to combine p-values
- The smallest of three combinations
- Studies that share a control
Collider
- One arithmetic, three decisions
- The two worlds that look the same
- Adjusting for everything
- The sample is a condition
- The variable the treatment caused
- A collider before the treatment
- Adjusting for a shadow
- A set of shadows
Extreme
- Three shapes, one limit
- The maximum converges slowly
- The threshold is a dial
- A level with no data in it
- Two intervals for one return level
- The clustering the tail has
- The run length a declustering chooses
- Where the extremal index matters to a return level
Instrument
- The assumption nothing tests
- Weak, and back where it started
- Whose effect it is
- Two instruments that disagree
- What the first stage does not know
- Leaving each row out of its own first stage
- A standard error that knows about the instruments
- Cells of unequal size and an error that follows them
Sandwich
- What a wrong model estimates
- The bread and the filling
- Robust is not free
- Three corrections and a leverage
- Right for the wrong reason
- The count that is not the rows
- The reference the sandwich is read against
- An effective number of clusters
Conformal
- Coverage from exchangeability alone
- What the split costs
- Marginal is not conditional
- The score is the modelling
- When the order matters
- The weight that has to be estimated
- A detector built for the ordering
- A quantile over the recent scores
Missing
- Dropping the incomplete rows
- One imputation is not an observation
- The variance between imputations
- An imputation model the analysis does not contain
- The mechanism the data cannot see
- Three mechanisms and one dataset
- The assumption that identifies the mechanism
- A variable that moves recording
Calibrate
- An identity in three terms
- A curve that is a binning
- Calibrated and useless
- The miscalibration a perfect forecaster shows
- A score that rewards lying
- The liar with two answers
- A forecaster that rounds
- Five values chosen by the forecasts
Weights
- How many observations a weight leaves
- A score that balances
- The region with no comparison
- Either model, but not neither
- The estimated weight is the better one
- A weight fitted to balance
- The moments a balance is told
- A balance allowed a tolerance
Estimated
- Two standard deviations of what
- A tenth as wide, and both of them right
- Ninety-three observations, and nothing assumed
- All of the next ten
- A band allowed a few misses
- A range allowed a few misses
- A range that grows with the lot
- A range that forgets
Reversal
- The reversal a coin cannot prevent
- The change that is not confounding
- Conditioning on what the treatment caused
- Every patient at one half
- Twenty variables nobody stratified on
- Five places to cut one variable
- A cut that slides
- Every variable, every cut
Paths
- How many analyses there really were
- What naming it in advance costs
- The correction that makes the estimate worse
- An interval for the winner
- Naming a handful in advance
- An interval for the analyses admitted to
- A winner chosen by its diagnostic
- The cleanest of the significant
Spread
- R² is a property of the design
- The t statistic wearing different clothes
- The summary that was meant to work
- Two numbers for the fit's geometry
- The points a slope rests on
- A point ordinary on every axis
- A term built from the others
- A value read off a curve
Tails
- Where the two tails disagree
- A degrees of freedom that is not a count
- The side a bound is read from
- The skewness of a difference
- A limit from the family it came from
- The level a limit should be set at
- A failure charged by its size
- A level set before the source is known
Screening
- The second test that is not a second opinion
- The test is a point somebody chose
- The prevalence the test has to estimate
- An upper limit is the finding
- A threshold that jumps
- The threshold a validation study can see
- A test whose tail is not normal
- A threshold reported with its interval
Lineup
- The plot is about the wrong quantity
- Residuals are not the errors
- The band the eye was standing in for
- Three runs at the end of the line
- A number for the shape
- Residuals that look too normal
- Residuals made independent
- Residuals of a model the data chose
Expansion
- A bound written for a coin
- A correction that goes below zero
- An approximation built at the threshold
- A tail the sample never saw
- The same correction, inverted
- The correction a t test would use
- A tilt for the ratio
Discrete
- A hole no sample size fills
- What a guaranteed minimum costs
- The coin that makes it exact
- The coin that is already there
- The coin a clock supplies
- Two windows and a ratio
Alongside
- Two intervals that overlap
- Significant in one, not in the other
- Five times in six
- The verdicts watch the threshold, not the gap
- A subgroup inside its own trial
- Sixteen subgroups and one effect
- One characteristic that really matters
- The pattern a cause leaves on its neighbours
Borrowed
- A group from the population's own tail
- A league table of a hundred
- Estimates that are too alike
- The small groups one centre protects
- The relation the table has to estimate
- The interval a small group is given
- A ranking with its uncertainty
- A centre chosen by its own table